If police arrest a suspect, the individual is brought before a Court Commissioner, who determines whether there is probable cause to charge the suspect and what conditions, if any, will apply to their release before a hearing.

If the suspect is held in custody, they are entitled to a bail hearing before a judge, who decides whether to release the suspect or hold them in jail until trial.

A prosecutor will then review the available evidence and determine the appropriate charges, if any. In more serious cases, a grand jury may be used to review the case.

If charges are filed, a trial date is set. Due to heavy court schedules, it may take several months for a case to go to trial. Victims and key witnesses will be notified by the prosecutor when preparation for trial is necessary.

• You may request that your address and phone number remain confidential.

• You are not required to speak with the defendant’s attorney or their representative.

• If you are threatened or intimidated by the defendant, contact police immediately. If your safety is at risk due to your role as a witness, notify the State’s Attorney’s Office and your local law enforcement agency. It is a crime for the defendant to attempt to prevent you from testifying.

• You may have access to victim/witness protection resources.

• Victims have the right to attend all court proceedings, including pre-trial hearings and the trial itself. Even though cases are often postponed, you should continue to appear as requested.

• Victims have the right to be present during the trial.

• The prosecutor will help you prepare by explaining the trial process, reviewing the questions they will ask, and what questions to expect from the defense attorney.

If the defendant is found guilty, a sentencing hearing will be held (often on a later date). Sentencing options include:

• Incarceration (jail or prison)

• Probation

• Fines or restitution

• A combination of the above

Probation is commonly imposed and may include supervision by a probation officer.

Victims or their representatives have the right to address the court at sentencing. In cases involving serious injury or death, a written victim impact statement is required and should describe the emotional, physical, and financial effects of the crime.

Victims also have the right to request restitution, and the State’s Attorney can assist with submitting this request to the judge.

Victims have the right to be notified of any post-sentencing hearings related to the defendant’s incarceration or release, including actions by the Division of Correction, Patuxent Institution, or Parole Commission. The State’s Attorney can help facilitate these notifications.